Comparison of Seven Beowulf Translations Essay -- comparison compare c

Correlation of Seven Beowulfâ Translations  There isn't unanimity among Beowulf interpreters concerning all pieces of the content, however there is little uniqueness from a solitary, uniform interpretation of the sonnet. In this are examined a few entries which interpreters may show contradiction about as a result of the absence of lucidity or missing pieces of text or bounty of equivalents or equivocal referents.  After the Danish coast-monitor meets and converses with Beowulf, the watchman at that point starts his next discourse with a concise saying or apothegm:  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Aeghwaepres sceal scearp scyldwigaâ â â â â â â â â â â gescad witan, worda ond worca,â â â â â â â â â â se pe wel penced. (287-289)  T.A. Shippey remarks in â€Å"The World of the Poem† that :   â â â â â â â â â â Translating this should not to be difficult†¦. The issue here is brought about by the way that precepts are not simply semantic phenomena†¦. the shrouded factor is the extralinguistic casing; we have been instructed in youth when to utilize adages, what their analogies mean, who to express them to, and how to take them. It is this nonverbal information that we should have the option to comprehend the coastguard’s ‘gnome.’ Reluctance to reproduce such intangibles and hounded gazing at the content have driven artistic pundits into discussion (Shippey 34).  So let’s cross-reference six interpreters and decide how genuine an inconsistency exists here. Howell D. Chickering interprets the problematic piece of the passage:â â€Å"must know the differentiation among words and deeds, keep the distinction clear† (Chickering 65). E. Talbot Donaldson: â€Å"who figures well should have the option to pass judgment on every one of the two things, words and works† (Donaldson 6). Kevin Crossley-Holland: â€Å"one whose brain is ... ... different equivalent words, obscure references, and so on.  BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, Michael. Beowulf A Verse Translation. New York: Penguin Books, 1973. Chickering, Howell D. Beowulf A double Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977. Crossley-Holland, Kevin, trans. Beowulf The Fight at Finnsburh, altered by Heather O’Donoghue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Donaldson, E. Talbot, trans. Beowulf The Donaldson Translation, altered by Joseph Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co., 1975. Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf, A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 2000. Rebsamen, Frederick. Beowulf A Verse Translation. New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, 1991. Shippey, T.A.. â€Å"The World of the Poem.† In Beowulf †Modern Critical Interpretations, altered by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987..

Adrienne Rich Twenty One Love Poem free essay sample

Adrienne was known to be one of the most generally read and compelling writers of the second 50% of the twentieth century,and was credited with bringing the mistreatment of ladies and lesbians to the cutting edge of idyllic talk. Richs poetics relies upon a perusers experience of her verse. It is an occasion of social commitment wherein the sonnets, reverberating with and against one another, inclinations the peruser to test different hermeneutic and ideological positions, and it requires the dialogic communication among artist, sonnet, peruser, and social setting. Thus, the peruser is essential to Richs women's activist poetics. I accept the perusers are the ones to see the embodiment in her verse. Through his/her recognition the pictures can be comprehended or retranslated into a few unique prospects. Such opportunity yielded to the peruser can be deciphered as a show of the persona’s separation from a given philosophy. The distribution of Twenty-One Love Poems in 1976 as a result checked Richs coming out as a lesbian. The principles break like a thermometer,/mercury spills over the diagrammed frameworks/were out in a nation that has no language/whatever we do together is unadulterated innovation/the maps they gave us were outdated/by years , were everything she composed that articulated that she was coming out. In 1970 Rich isolated from her significant other, with whom she had three kids. He was along these lines controlled to have murdered himself. She was with her accomplice, the essayist Michelle Cliff ,for over 30 years. (http://www. gatekeeper. co. uk/March292012) The Dream of a Common Language is an assortment of verse that was composed by a lady, about ladies, for ladies. This book was the main book distributed after Rich chose to come out about her sexuality in 1976 and the book was first distributed in 1978. The Dream of a Common Language was verse for network, verse intended to misuse reason, verse intended to be increased in the edges, verse implied sung to somebody of essentialness. The assortment is separated into three segments. The first, â€Å"Power,† is about the achievements of individual ladies. The second bit of the book, â€Å"Twenty-one Love Poems,† is the open announcement of Rich’s sexual inclination and Not Somewhere Else, however Here,† where Adrienne Rich is accepted to proceed with her investigation of female connections. Twenty one love sonnet is a quatrain, with different verses of fourteen or sixteen lines. Its in a piece structure which was started in Europe. A piece is a connoted sonnet of fourteen lines that follows an exacting rhyme plan and explicit structure. Adrienne Rich is known for verse about social and political commentarty, women's liberation, social analysis, and so forth. An assortment of Love Poems ought to positively be taken in setting with lesbian sexuality. In her Twenty-One Love Poems, Adrienne Rich groups a progression of nature pictures so as to analyze the connection among self and city, self and darling. On all records this assortment of sonnets, nature fills in as an image of mystic life and stun, and it tends to be hard to portray the different characteristic illustrations which Rich employments. One can, in any case, bunch these pictures into classes. To me, the sonnet is about decision, activities, and how we characterize love ourselves as opposed to through fate, meeting of spirits, and so forth. The sonnet has some exemplary existential subjects; the initial line: no ones destined or bound to adore anybody says our decisions in adoration are our own. It has an existential topic to it. Taking a gander at the area starting â€Å"No one has envisioned us,† I didn’t recognize the â€Å"us† essentially as female yet more by and large similarly as humankind battling and that their the one in particular who notice how harsh things are, which, unexpectedly, I believe is all the more impressive left anonymous in light of the fact that it permits the peruser to take on the sonnet for oneself. At that point I read â€Å"live like trees,† which I get the sense it implies they need to live normally, liberated from the man centric mistreatment, and have the option to fan out, occupy room in this city. The artist makes reference to the drama Tristand und Isolde (a tale about sweethearts that do confound demise and love, because of an adoration mixture) and tries to state that the show isn't the story that destiny, enchantment, love elixirs, and so forth , have nothing to do with it. The existential subject is proceeded with when the writer makes reference to a recording device a gadget that can just record sound, what is really said and done. It could be said, she is stating that activities are what are significant considerations and expectations are aimless in death, what stays after we are gone is the means by which we were are seen by others. On the off chance that our activities characterize what our identity is or how we attempted to adore, the recorded may have gotten some apparition of us that recordable activities are what will be recalled in the afterlife. She is stating that affection is the thing that we state and do, what we decide to follow up on without anyone else in spite of the powers that rage inside us and against. I think its likewise intriguing that the sonnet is coordinated predominantly toward ladies, not men (particularly given the artists foundation and different sonnets about sexuality and lesbianism) None the less the sonnet means how homosexuality may have been seen in the late 1970’s and how gay people may have felt during this period, fundamentally covering up in the shadows so they would not be judged. The expanding perceivability of gay individuals created a reaction during the 1970s. It is maybe the most examined enemy of gay rights crusade of the decade. Verse is utilized to offers a method of recognizing our need, not for dismissing needs, or in any event, for accomplishing them.

Process of internationalization of Japanese manufacturing company Essay Example

Procedure of internationalization of Japanese assembling organization Paper This examination was composed to rethink the technique of internationalization of one Nipponese manufacturing organization in Singapore. Effects from financial emergency in twelvemonth 2008 constrained the gathering organizations to apply cost-cutting strides in their planetary tasks, and localisation is the solitary way to rescue costs and to expand the utilization of neighborhood expertness and reactivity to run into planetary rivalry. The reappraisal centers around a few front-end aspects of global HRM exercises during the technique of internationalization. Writing reappraisal regarding the matters of key IHRM, staffing frameworks, social contrasts and ostracize decisions were examined and contrasted and the present association development and its HR heading assaults and examples. Issues and employments emerges from exile assignments were checked on for future turn of events. Far reaching rating exercises and nations of advancement were prescribed for the organization to hop frontward. 1. Key Human Resources Management in International Context We will compose a custom article test on Process of internationalization of Japanese assembling organization explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Process of internationalization of Japanese assembling organization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Process of internationalization of Japanese assembling organization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Technique Human Resources Management ( SHRM ) is a system that permitted an organization to pass on its core assets together for vital arranging, for representation core capability, core methodology, social, development and human asset to aline with the organization plan to achieve its end and points, see figure 1. Figure: 1 With regards to universal field where the house activity includes in arranged states and utilizing diverse national classs of work powers, the SHRM will investigate more extensive situation, for delineation in the nation of six distinguished human asset exercises in household setting internationalization [ Dowling P.J 2008 ] . A portion of the additional global HRM s exercises executed by the HR area when Mastec advanced into internationalization are given in Table 1. The terminology of worker class are, for example, I ) PCN: representatives conceived and unrecorded in parent ( place ) state ( headquarter ) , two ) HCD: workers brought up in the host state ( where the subordinate work, and three ) TCN: workers conceived in a state other than the host and parent state, were brought into the organization human asset framework. The execution of the key IHRM relies upon the period of the organization at during the system of internationalization. Adler and Ghadar s hypothetical record ( 1990 ) dependent on Vernon s life-cycle hypothesis recognizes three phases in the universal product life-cycle [ H. Scullion, 2005 ] . The principal stage ( innovative ) centers around stocks, innovative work that worrying on capable capability and capacity of practical nation. The second stage ( developing and internationalization ) focuses on concern developing and market attack in neighborhood and remote state. The third stage ( adulthood ) put power per unit region on the lower money related worth and cost-control ventures because of planetary rivalry. In the cutting edge building universe, stock life-cycle has been abbreviated to 3~5 mature ages, which permitted Adler and Ghader to propose a fourth stage. The fourth stage emphasize that a house must arraign differentiation and planetary coordinating so as to achieve cost- control steps. This is the central ground for headquarter in Japan to revamp the worry development in Southeast Asia. The parent organization has seen the adulthood of the market in Southeast which set off their assurance to actualize cost-control steps. Nonetheless, thing looks at every one of the subordinate demonstrated that there are blend of stages which the subordinates are sing. For outline, Vietnam and India are in the main stage which centers around stocks and creating capable capability. Human Resource Activities Global Human Resource Activities Human asset arranging authoritative exercises in outside subordinate, cross-fringe risks course, political danger, fear based oppressor act and open help Staffing Staffing assault in subordinates in Vietnam, India, Thailand and Malaysia. Enlistment of HCNs for have nation activity, and so forth. Preparing and Development Diverse readiness, phonetic correspondence interlingual version, pre-takeoff arrangement Execution heading Assessment of ostracize open introduction, abroad task ROI rating and staffs rating for outside subordinate Pay and Benefits Expense leveling, abroad housing and banner remittances, return air ticket benefits, medicinal services, and so forth. Modern Relationship diverse income upgrade statute, congruities with have specialists arrangement, and similarities with general adequate example of making concern. Table: 1 The other assault to vital IHRM execution was contributed by the two rationale of Evans and Lorange which recommended item advertise rationale and social-culture rationale [ Evans A ; Lorange, 1989 ] . Both raise a request how a house works in an alternate product markets and different social-culture condition, which practically set up human asset arrangements. Item advertise rationale suggested that varying phases of green products life-cycle request diverse central purposes of executive which directs the HR exercises to focus on core fitness, innovative achievements and capable ability. Social-culture rationale proposed that for a house to run in arranged regions, utilizing individuals from distinction social-culture foundations impacts HR exercises into providing readiness and guidance of social contrast. Focusing on advancing detached conveying, a liberal hearing, detering storehouse and facilitating exercises that necessary less sentence development will secure around semantic c orrespondence and social various boundaries [ H. Buknall, 2005 ] . The announcement focused on the of import of ability to tune in, permitting the other party to clear up any vulnerability without doing self reason to achieve strong conveying. Since Mastec had picked up the situation of territorial headquarter in twelvemonth 2009, the HR exercises had begun to investigate above interest, yet the execution technique is still at a learning stages. This is the ground why simply oust from Singapore was assigned to subordinate activity in Vietnam, while Thailand India despite everything oversaw directly from Japan. The effectivity of current association development to pull off the subordinate and how efficacious it can execute its capacity as local headquarter and keeping the comparable level of corporate specialists as prior interest to be assessed. 2. Staffing Approach and Human Resource Orientation As a house come oning toward internationalization, bearing and order go progressively complex because of activity in land dispersing and multiculturalism. In utilizing those components, the transnational house can follow incorporated or decentralized assault which ever fits the intricacy of its surroundings. Larger part of Taiwanese s MNC likes Foxconn and Acer Computer rehearsing brought together control framework. Prahalad and Doz allude unified assault as worldwide coordinating with thorough control and conclusions doing from headquarter. Decentralized assault is more towards neighborhood responsive that gives some assurance doing freedom to its subordinate so as to best adjust it product and administrations to run into nearby market requests [ Prahalad, 1987 ] . Run of the mill decentralized control organization is a joint endeavor confederations. One of a notice organization which works actually effectively under decentralized framework is Johnson A ; Johnson. The IHRM writing utilized four assaults to pull offing and staffing its subordinate, called ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regiocentric [ Perlmutter, 1979 ] . Through these four kinds of heading directions, organizations can unmistakably change starting with one direction then onto the next, contingent upon the requests of the organization [ Mujtaba, 2006 ] . This announcement was demonstrated by the assurance of headquarter to modify course framework in Southeast from unadulterated ethnocentric to regiocentric. Detail records of each kind of the staffing drew closer are given as follows: 2.1 ) Ethnocentric. Is a staffing assault where subordinates are overseen by staffs from PCN. In ethnocentric assault, PCNs are dispatched to make full in cardinal spot of a subordinate in have nation. The head set of course is the thing that work at place, will work here [ Guergana K.S. A ; Mujtaba, 2009 ] . A portion of the grounds to arraign ethnocentric heading framework are insufficiency of qualified individual, capability or specific capable comprehension in HCNs. The interest for concentrated control, danger bearing, requirements for parent-auxiliary to keep great conveying and coordination are another grounds to design ethnocentric course. Be that as it may, there are a few limitations related with ethnocentric framework where HCNs has restricted possibility for calling exposure and prompts high turnover. Adjustment of outcasts to have state takes any longer clasp and oftentimes prompts hapless assurance and diverse battle may happen [ Zeira, 1976 ] . High runing cost to delay ousts disbursals b eing seen as undue by HCNs. Run of the mill representation of ethnocentric assault organization are Nipponese houses, for example, Panasonic, Sony and Hitachi. In Mastec association, the staffing assault for subordinates in Thailand, Vietnam and India embraced ethnocentric framework because of miss of compe

What was the most important reason for the growth of Western economic Assignment

What was the most significant purpose behind the development of Western financial and political force after c.1750 - Assignment Example Numerous researchers contend that industrialization procedure was the main source for expanded financial, social and political changes in the Western. Truth be told, westerners encountered the colossal continuous development time frame after 1750 age, which was set apart as the main eminent dissimilarity time. This was the period when the westerners began encountering expanded per capita salary and continued development across different locales all around. This made economies, for example, Asia and Eastern Europe well-to-do however Western Europe got prosperous than their partners. Accordingly, this exposition centers around modern unrest as the primary purpose for expanding financial development and political force in the western after 1750 age. Modern transformation in the western that was set apart by fast financial and political changes was the fundamental explanation for expanded improvement in the western before the 1750s. Various improvements shimmered by the start of industri alization in the prior period made monetary and political changes. ... For example, the Great Britain created after 1750 because of political force and monetary changes that was an aftereffect of industrialization (Goldstone 2000, p. 176). Numerous locales began encountering new improvement changes particularly in design. Rising contrasts among the medieval and prior present day strict practices additionally prompted noteworthy changes in the economy because of political changes that was a consequence of industrialization. Numerous economies accentuated on the noteworthy of logical angles that prompted new improvement in the western religion. The western area accentuated on the more prominent ability to support monetary development and political improvement after some time. Along these lines, they focused on the utilization of innovation just as rolled out critical improvements in the political framework that prompted expanded democratization in the work environment. Furthermore, the consistent movement came about because of exchanging exercises, which was related by expanded infrastructural improvement. Numerous westerners propelled their business exchange particularly the European along the Atlantic shore of Africa. They were enlivened by the need to discover the methods through East Asia in business exercises. The Atlantic Ocean business exercises that at last prompted intersections to Pacific marine prompted better financial turn of events. This is a direct result of the adjustments in innovation, exchange and worldwide associations that brought numerous nations together. The new oceanic advances made worldwide communications conceivable; along these lines making changes in the exchanging designs over the globe. The slave business exercises expanded in light of the fact that the European provinces in the United States depended significantly on the slave business exercises. Numerous shippers got more extravagant through the slave exchange exercises as the slave exchange exercises were

The Philosophy of Buddha Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Philosophy of Buddha - Term Paper Example Buddha showed four essential facts to individuals: Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, Maggo. Dukkha As indicated by Dukkha, â€Å"Birth is enduring, mature age is enduring, illness is enduring, passing is enduring, to be joined with the undesirable is enduring, to be isolated from the charming is enduring, not to get what one longs for is enduring, in a nutshell the five Aggregates of Attachment are enduring †. Samudaya Samudaya says that â€Å" it is the longing which leads from resurrection to resurrection joined by the desire of energy, which charms now here now there; it is the hankering for arousing joys, for presence and for annihilation†. Nirodha Nirodha says that â€Å"It is the remainderless, all out destruction of this very needing, its spurning, the loosening up, escaping, redemption from it.† Maggo It says that â€Å"It is the Noble Eightfold Path which comprises of right seeing, right considerations, right discourse, right activity, right job, right undertaking, right care, and right concentration† From the investigation of these four realities, we see that their goal is that individuals should initially comprehend these four certainties, and afterward for all intents and purposes apply the information from their understandings to their lives so as to pick up satisfaction. Genuine joy exists in oneself. These four certainties can be experienced by individuals in every day life. Therefore Buddhism can be considered as a functional way of thinking. Buddha additionally gave the idea of Karma, as indicated by which, a person’s activities in a single age choose his reality in next stage. ... h enchants now here now there; it is the hankering for sexy joys (Kamatanha), for presence (Bhavatanha)7 and for destruction (Vibhavatanha). Nirodha Nirodha says that It is the remainderless, all out demolition of this very longing for, its spurning, the loosening up, escaping, redemption from it. Maggo It says that It is the Noble Eightfold Path which comprises of right seeing, right considerations, right discourse, right activity, right work, right undertaking, right care, and right fixation 1 Bullen Leonard. Theory of Buddhism. 2007. V. Jayaram Buddha From the investigation of these four realities we see that their goal is that individuals should initially comprehend these four facts, and afterward for all intents and purposes apply the information from their understandings to their lives so as to pick up joy. Genuine satisfaction exists in oneself. These four facts can be experienced by individuals in day by day life. Along these lines Buddhism can be considered as a useful way of thinking. Buddha additionally gave the idea of Karma, as indicated by which, an individual's activities in a single age choose his reality in next stage. There are various types of individuals on the planet. Some of them face troubles for the duration of their lives disregarding difficult work and some of them accomplish everything notwithstanding their lethargic mentality. Some are brought into the world with principled qualities and others with criminal inclinations. The inquiry emerges, why there is such a disparity in world According to Buddhism this variety is because of our own karma, or as it were, because of the consequence of our own activities. We ourselves are answerable for our own activities and our condition of life. Five Orders of Buddhism Buddhism says that there are five requests (Niyamas) which follow up on the physical and mental

How I Teach Writing A Veteran Teachers 5 Steps for Better Outcomes

How I Teach Writing A Veteran Teachers 5 Steps for Better Outcomes Veteran teacher Olivia shares a proven 5-step process for building a better writing instruction practice and helping your students become engaged, confident, and enthusiastic writers. by Olivia Bechtel Teaching writing often seems like one of the most daunting tasks, especially in an elementary classroom where the standards-aligned world of reading levels and math skills consumes the majority of our time. Over the years, I have found the following progression of steps to be my most valuable and effective use of time in writing instruction. The best part is that all it takes is a minimum of one 30-minute block per week to follow steps 1-3, and any other time you may have can be used for steps 4 and 5. Try this approach in your classroom and watch your students grow into the writers you know they can be! Step 1: Mentor Texts There is no limit to the value of mentor texts in any subject of instruction. Students are engaged, the method of delivery is familiar, and you are exposing students to quality writing and literature. I begin every writing lesson with a mentor text - chosen based on the writing style, the subject, the illustrations, brainstorming purposes, or any other component of writing I am trying to teach. Identify the methods and components you want to teach and then find a book that supports learning through quality examples. Keep in mind, just reading the book is not enough. Read the book ahead of time and put sticky notes at places where you want to talk and have a class discussion - do not assume your students will automatically know what you are intending to teach. Step 2: Modeled Writing After reading your mentor text, give yourself time to demonstrate to students what a quality piece of writing looks like. With each of my mentor texts I am typically trying to help students identify the multitude of ideas they can choose from to write about - this is one of the biggest complaints I get at the beginning of the year, as they have not yet been taught or shown how to put their ideas on paper. As an example, one of the first books I read to students at the beginning of the year is Lilly’s Purple Plastic Purse by Kevin Henkes. I chose this particular book because it features a topic that puts all students on common ground in terms of background knowledge: School. I then show students how I can use the book to give me ideas for writing, and write at least 2-3 sentences on chart paper as an example. Do not forget the power of demonstrating how illustrations support your writing! I always take time to draw my picture and ask students for help on ways I can make my illustration even better to provide more detail. Step 3: Class Brainstorm Once I finish modeling, we then come together as a class to brainstorm ideas on chart paper that relate to the topic or subject of the book. This is a very important step, no matter how miniscule it may seem, because it helps students begin to think and make a text-to-self connection and add ideas to the brainstorm. The brainstorming process itself helps students begin to think of their ideas as writing topics - students are preparing themselves to write independently, and you are providing a resource to be posted in the classroom to support all of your learners no matter their current level. Once the page is full, find a spot in your room where you can consistently display your brainstorming pages and make sure students can still access previous pages easily. Step 4: Independent Writing Time Now that you have filled students with a multitude of ideas and given them access to proper supports to help them get the ideas to paper, give them time to write independently. While it may seem like just another block of time in your day to try to fit in, consider the following options as an alternative to a whole class writing time: Include independent writing time as one of your reading stations; Provide independent writing time as an “early finishers” option - this is less work for you and it uses their time in a meaningful way; Use independent writing time as morning work - students can do it independently and at their own level while you complete your morning responsibilities, all before the late bell! The important thing to remember is that independent writing time does not have to come directly after the mini-lesson, it can be done whenever it is convenient in your room. This is why putting the brainstorm and modeling examples on display is so important! Additionally, consider allowing students to free write at all times. Just because your mini-lesson covered school does not mean your students have to write about school. There is immense upside in giving students the power of choice in their work. Step 5: Share Time/Conferencing This may be one of the hardest parts to get to - time is precious in the classroom, as we all know, and we’re usually spread pretty thin by just the usual daily activities and instruction. Still, it is extremely important to try to find at least one or two opportunities every two weeks for students to share their work and/or meet with you. In my class, we typically set aside time every Friday for students to share their work with the whole class. This structured class time usually looks something like: Students bring their writing folders to a circle and sit facing each other. If a student wants to share, he or she can raise their hand and the teacher will choose one person. The other students then set their folders down with hands in their laps and give their attention to the student who is speaking. That student will read his or her work and share any accompanying picture (if there is one). The other students raise their hands to give either a compliment or a suggestion for their work (we require a minimum of 1 of each). Once 3 comments have been made, the student is given a round of applause for sharing and the teacher picks a new student. Conferencing with individual students can also be difficult, as reading groups tend to take precedence. I typically try to meet with one student per day whether it is during reading stations, a brain break, or math stations. Additionally, if a student is ready to meet to potentially publish their story, I will have my parent volunteers meet with him or her to talk through spelling errors, how to add detail, etc. Some parents are even willing to type the story and email or share it on Google Docs with you - sometimes you just have to ask! While these steps might seem overwhelming, they begin to work like a well oiled machine once your practices are in place. Even if you can only spare a few minutes each day, something is always better than nothing! Keep in mind that every classroom is different - modify these suggestions as necessary to do what works best for you and your students! What are your strategies for teaching writing effectively? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. TeacherVision Advisory Board Member Olivia Bechtel is a first grade teacher in Westerville, Ohio who loves implementing engaging, innovative lessons to inspire her students. In her free time she enjoys spending time with her husband, son, and two dogs.

Fun SAT Prep

Is it possible to LOVE studying for the SAT? Maybe. Its certainly not impossible. The SAT is a challenge that you must overcome to go to college, where you will have endless opportunities to do the things that you love. So, though you may not love studying for the SAT, you can make your study time fun. Fun SAT Activities Wanna know how? Check out this roundup of some of our favorite fun SAT posts: Quizzes ACT or SAT? Which Exam is Best for You? SAT Vocabulary Game SAT Vocab Crosswords Crossword 1 Crossword 2 Crossword 3 Crossword 4 GIFs and Graphs 10 Things That Are Ruining Your SAT Practice SAT Scores for Top Colleges Videos SAT Video Friday: Vocabulary You Gotta Know Test Day SAT Video Friday:All Squared Away SAT Video Friday: Practice Test Tips

The Goal of Education is the Student Discovering the Power...

â€Å"I know of no more important goal in education than that the child shall discover the power of his or her own mind. And I know of no more important source of that discovery for every child, than the inquiry that lives in continuing exploratory in the classroom. (Lindfors, 1999, p.247) Kindergarten is the place where children explore real experiences and know how world works. They start gradually to construct knowledge and transform their curiosities into thoughts and questions. By wondering to find answers, children find themselves engaged in scientific thinking aimed to solve everyday problems. This approach needs to be encouraged and developed in an educational setting where teachers play major role in changing curriculum and organizing instructions to meet children needs (Poon, Tan Tan, 2009). Our children, in kindergarten, are exposed to direct instruction method. The problem is that teachers are not aware that using this method will not lead children to learn science. This method is no longer appropriate. World has changed, education has changed and young children should master new skills in thinking. They must develop new understanding of modern life and be able to master new practical issues .Using the direct method restrain kids from exploring world of science. We must give children chances to develop new skills and become life long learners. Teachers, who are resisting the change, are ignorant of the fact that what they are doing inShow MoreRelatedEducating Rita by Willy Russell1061 Words   |  4 PagesHi today I will be analysing two of the major themes present in Willy Russell’s play â€Å"Educating Rita† But first I will read an excerpt from act 2 scene 4 page 68 This scene shows two of the major themes that run throughout the play, and are closely linked education and finding yourself. Finding Yourself Both of the main characters Rita and Frank go on journeys of self-discovery throughout the play. 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Although I performed at an average level in most subjects with the exception of excelling in the arts and languages. The comment on my reports for Math always read: â€Å"Needs to spend more time

Consultative Report On The Exceptions And Limitations On...

Consultative Report on the Exceptions and Limitations on Copyright under Directive 2001/29/EC â€Å"We believe people have the right to control their technology, and oppose the use of technology to control people.† With the adoption of the Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society the European legislator pursued two main objectives: to adapt legislation on copyright and related rights to reflect technological developments, and to transpose into Community law the main international obligations arising from the two treaties on copyright and related rights adopted within the framework of the World†¦show more content†¦General Remarks: The European Commission, in its review of the Single Market, highlighted the need to promote free movement of knowledge and innovation as the â€Å"fifth freedom† in the single market. To achieve this copyright is crucial not only for the protection of intellectual creation but also to ensure the dissemination of knowledge. Copyright has traditionally maintained this balance with a series of exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright-holders as reflected in Article 5 of Directive 2001/29/EC. However technology has developed to such an extreme that it is now possible to effectively override copyright legislation. Two examples of this are the use of technological protection measures and licensing agreements, which are working to limit access to digital material only to those able to pay for it. There cannot exist a single market for information society services relying on copyright exceptions, unless those exceptions and their interpretations are harmonised across the EU. Whilst the Directive has harmonised certain rights , the same cannot be said about the exceptions of Article 5. We encourage the Commission to review Directive 2001/29/EC in order to address some of the main challenges consumers face in the digital age. Legal uncertainty: The approach to the exceptions provided in Directive 2001/29/EC is a clear policy failure. It is a

A Theoretical Perspective On Organisational Socialisation

Introduction Individuals spend their lives trying to fit in. Fit into their family roles, fit into their circle of friends and fit into their workplaces. Being a part of a group, a team or an organisations provides a sense of comfort and belonging. Furthermore, it instills confidence to carry out respective roles efficiently. The process by which individuals incorporate themselves into society and into organisations is defined as socialisation (Jablin 2001). Socialisation theories usually focus on paid workers and their experiences within an organisation (Miller 2012). What they fail to consider is that volunteers within an organisation are also equally important and in need of the same guidance and knowledge that paid workers are provided with. Kramer (2010) brings volunteers to the forefront stating that volunteers are an equal asset to an organisation, especially in the Non-profit sector. The purpose of this research is to explore the process of socialisation among volunteers in a Non-profit organisation. The paper will provide a theoretical perspective on Organisational Socialisation in terms of its definition and its process. It will then examine how a particular volunteer socialisation process is applicable in the case of a unique project conducted by a Non-profit organisation. Background The International Society is a Non-profit organisation in Manchester that supports international students in enhancing their experience while studying in the United Kingdom. ItShow MoreRelatedHr Strategy Competitive Advantage3921 Words   |  16 Pagesadvantage. 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Alexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson - 887 Words

Hamilton vs. Jefferson During the Revolutionary- Federalist Era, politics, parties, programs, policies, and people made an enormous difference in how the new nation should be structured and run. During this era, two men in particular championed politics and their respective parties. These two men were Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican. Both Hamilton and Jefferson were successful college educated intellectuals and politicians who made significant contributions to the development of the United States policies and programs. However Hamilton, despite never being elected President, had more influence over the development of the United States’ policies and programs during the†¦show more content†¦Hamilton’s vision for the United States economy became true as manufacturing in the North was supported. Hamilton continued to show his financial prowess while serving as Secretary of the Treasury under Washington. In this position Hamilton proposed i deas such as a National Bank, which served as a mint, and a National Debt, allowed for the creation of credit speculation thus involving the interest of the wealthy in the success of the country, which proved to be very successful in boosting the nations economy. Jefferson on the other hand, while president, decided to let most of Hamilton’s old policies to simple expire under him only to be reinstated after his presidency. Aside from fiscal policies, Hamilton’s importance and influence in the development of the United States in areas such as constitutional interpretation was more so than Jefferson’s. After Hamilton had proposed a National Bank, Jefferson and others proposed that what Hamilton’s plan was unconstitutional. Jefferson a strong believer in strict interpretation of the constitution found Hamilton’s National Bank unconstitutional, on the grounds that it overstepped government responsibilities and the incorporation of a bank was not desc ribed in the constitution (Doc Q). Jefferson, an advocate for states rights, feared too strong a government and believed strict interpretation of the constitution wouldShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson1289 Words   |  6 Pages Selina Lewis October 17, 2014 Government Ms. Bishop Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson During the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Federalist and Anti-federalist views created tensions and barriers between the two. 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Frida Kahlo Free Essays

The documentary talked about the Mexican painter Friday Kohl who was best known for her unique series of self-portraits. I knew about her artwork and was quite amazed by her way of portraying self-portraits in an extraordinary expression before I watched this documentary. After watching the video, I understand more about the reasons why her painting was done this way. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her artworks brought the pieces of her life stories to the audience. Her marriage with Diego Riviera contributes the later works of her. It was the main influence of her life. If she did not meet Diego Riviera, e would probably see a total Friday Kohl. The complicated relationship from inability of reproduction, Dies unfaithfulness, Kohl’s affairs, divorce to remarriage created the Kohl who was physically and emotionally torn. She expressed her life problems in her paintings, her tragic and exotic figures brand her personal art career. However the important event in her life was the undergo of the miscarriage and abortion. It portrayed the painful personal of Kohl that reflected in the emotional disorder of her artwork. Kohl wanted a child very much, her nightmares ND thoughts about fertility was shown. The fertility dream is the part which I like most about the documentary. It portrays a woman’s struggle and pain for losing the ability to have a baby, the heart wrenching when you wish for a child of you and your loves one but you have lost the reproductive system ability. The artwork Henry Ford Hospital (The Flying Bed) provokes the emotions in us. I would also think that this painting attract the attention the issue on fertility, at the same time encourage the public to take care of their reproductive health. It would make a different influence to Kohl’s career if she was not living in Mexico. In her paintings, a strong indigenous Mexican culture was shown in the use of intense color and primitive style. She also wore traditional indigenous clothing of Mexico as shown in her paintings. If she was living in Europe or America, the colors she used and costumes will most probably reflect the scene of the country instead. The humming birds and monkey painted are animals in Mexican mythology. The folk cultural content will disappear and she will robbery express her self-portrait in another way. I am surprised by the Mexicans attitude to death in the documentary. The way they took death in a celebration manner shocked me. She even painted a dead child and put in on top of her bed. Collection of skeleton in her house showed her close association with death, either death of children or the death itself. I do not agree with Andre Bretons description of Kohl’s work as surrealist. Friday Kohl painted her own stories, she did not paint dreams. The dream-like fantasy atmosphere she painted is a metaphor to her own life. Her pain and Joy were represented by elements that are irrational and imaginary. They were all what she had been through, but not dream. In my point of view, Friday Kohl was an amazing independent artist. In response to her tragic life, she painted. She triumphed over her life problems by her own strength and self- determination. Painting the reality helped in expressing her pain and tears, a way of releasing perhaps helped in easing her suffering process. She revealed her life in art and this has helped to address the issues to the public that serves as a reminder and encouragement. How to cite Frida Kahlo, Papers Frida Kahlo Free Essays Art Essay – Friday Kohl The Mexican Surrealist artist, Friday Kohl, uses her personal experience, marriage and tragedies to express her feelings and emotions in her artworks. The artworks, Recurred (Memory), Henry Ford Hospital and The Two Fridays, all use personal imagery, signs, symbols and everyday occurrences to show her experiences. Kohl’s artworks are personal and thought provoking and have made her one of the 20th centuries most enduring and popular artists. We will write a custom essay sample on Frida Kahlo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Friday Kohl was born on the 6th July, 1907 in Mexico. When she was a young girl she suffered from polio. When she was 18, she and her boyfriend were involved in a bus accident. A metal pole pieced Friday Kohl through her pelvis area. She suffered many injuries including a fractured spine, ribs, collarbone and pelvis. She endured more than thirty operations following the accident and was told she would be unable to have children. During her recovery in hospital, Kohl began painting. She painted mainly self-portraits using a mirror above her hospital bed. Friday Kohl married at 22 too man called Diego Riviera. Their legislation was plagued with divorce, affairs and Kohl’s inability to have children. Friday Kohl suffered from gangrene in the years before her death which resulted in her having her right leg amputated below the knee. Kohl died on the 13th July, 1954. She painted about 200 artworks and held many exhibitions over the course of her life. Recurred (Memory) is a very symbolic artwork painted by Friday Kohl in 1937. It describes her pain when her husband, Diego, had an affair with Friday Kohl’s sister, Christina. Although her face appears expressionless, the tears pouring down her face vales that she suffering from immense emotional pain. The tears may also represent her physical pain at having a metal rod piece her chest and her heart being ripped out. Her broken heart now lies at her feet. The size of her heart emphasizes the sheer intensity of the pain she is experiencing from Diego and her sister’s betrayal. She has painted this self-portrait without her hands, suggesting that she is experiencing feelings of helplessness and despair. The two outfits on either side of her, represent the happier times Kohl experienced with Diego. Her school uniform signifies that Friday Kohl met Diego when she was still at school. The other outfit is a Mexican dress. It symbolizes the Friday Kohl that Diego loved. Diego loved Friday Kohl’s long hair so she cut it off to spite him. That is why this artwork pictures Friday Kohl with cropped short hair. Friday Kohl painted the artwork, ‘Henry Ford Hospital’ in 1932, directly after leaving the hospital following her second miscarriage. This artwork contains a lot of symbolism and is a representation of the pain of experiencing a miscarriage. Kohl has painted herself naked, lying on her back on top of a hospital bed at Henry Ford hospital. She has blood on the sheets beneath her pelvic area and a tear flows from her left eye showing the viewer the pain she is experiencing. The six images that float around the bed, each relate to her miscarriage. They are all connected to her by red lines which can be interpreted as umbilical cords. The diagram of a woman’s torso is painted in the left upper corner and shows the workings of a female body and reproductive system. The image to the eight of it, shows an almost fully formed male fetus. It represents the child she lost due to the miscarriage. She refers to the miscarriage child as Disguise (Little Diego). The image in the right upper corner is a snail. It implies that the length and pace off miscarriage is very slow and tiring. Below that is an image of a pelvic bone. This directly related to Kohl, explaining graphically that she was unable to have a child due to a shattered pelvis which she sustained in the bus accident. The orchard was a gift from her husband Diego. The Two Fridays was painted in 1939 during the time Friday Kohl and Diego were getting divorced. She has used a lot of symbolism to show how much pain the divorce had caused her. The left Friday is the unhappy one that Diego no longer loves. She is displayed in a European style dress and is holding the hand-held scissors that are severing her ties with Diego. Her heart has been painted in a damaged manner, showing how the divorce has broken her and left her emotionally unstable. The right Friday represents the happy one that Diego loved. She s dressed in her traditional Mexican clothing and is showing a whole, happy and healthy heart. In her hand, she is holding a picture of Diego. A cord is connecting her to this picture, suggesting they were lovers. The two Friday’s are Joined by their hands and by a cord. When Kohl was younger she had an imaginary friend who was a girl. Many believe that Kohl included her in the artwork but I believe that it meaner the only person she can rely on is herself. Diego has left her resulting in Kohl pushing all her friends away so in the end she is the only one left. The background shows a Tory sky, explaining her emotions perfectly. Friday Kohl once said, â€Å"l suffered two grave accidents in my life. One in which a streetcar knocked me down†¦ The other accident is Diego’. This meaner that the bus accident caused her physical pain and Diego caused her emotional pain. Friday Kohl has used a lot of symbolism and imagery in her artworks, Recurred (Memory), Henry Ford Hospital and The Two Fridays, to show her personal experiences and tragedies. She used her paintings to express her feelings as she suffered physical and emotional pain throughout her life. How to cite Frida Kahlo, Papers

Reversal Of Impairment Loss For Cash Generating Units †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Reversal Of Impairment Loss For Cash Generating Units. Answer: Reversal Of Impairment Loss For Cash Generating Units AASB 136 and IAS 36 deals with the procedures which are being applied to make sure that assets are not shown at higher value in comparison to its recoverable value. The specified standard specifically provides procedure relating to impairment on all intangible and tangible assets other than those which are covered under other IFRS. Present essay revolves around the analysis of Reversal of accounted impairment loss for CGU and accounting for same. An impairment loss can be define as written down value of an asset or a CGU because shown value is higher than its recoverable amount (Johansson, Hjelstrm and Hellman, 2016.). As according to the provisions of the standard no asset should be carried at a value which is higher than its recoverable amount or fair value. Further, for accomplishing the same objective, it has been provided with the scope of potential indicators for assessing whether impairment loss exists or not. Above description shows that CGU is impaired in case the carried value is higher in comparison to recoverable amount then computation of recoverable amount is done by making comparison of fair value less cost relating to selling and value in use, in this higher value is considered for accounting. The loss which has been recognised as expenses is transferred to profit and loss account (Henderson and et.al. 2015). Further, the standard also specifies the provisions when entities are required to make a reversal of impairment loss and the manner of recognising the same in books of accounts. IAS 36 provides that reversal of impairment in the case of CGU is to be reversed by appropriately proportioning the amount in no. of assets which have been covered by making use of pro rata basis and applying it on carrying amounts of concerned assets. However, goodwill is not be included while reversal of impairment loss of Cash Generating Unit. The reversal amount is allocated to the written down value of asset available in the balance sheet (Edwards, 2013). It should not be increased higher in comparison to the lower of its carrying amount and recoverable amount. The specified amount must be provided after reducing depreciation or amortisation which might have been recognised in the case where there has no recognition of impairment loss inprior periods. It is also provided in the standard that it is necessary for the entire organisation to apply the test in order to assess the same and it should be assessed at each reporting date. For verifying the same, it is necessary to consider internal as well as external components which are considered necessary by the management (Johansson, Hjelstr, and Hellman, 2016.). Provisions relating to disclosure of reversal of impairment loss have been made available in paragraph 130 of AASB 136. As per the provision specified in Australian accounting standards reversal of impairment loss in case of a CGU is recorded in books of accounts on an instant basis in profit or loss statement. Thus the provisioning of same is not required in case when the book value of the asset is revalued in accordance with the provision of IAS 36. As per the views of Detzen, Stork and Zlch (2016), in the case when the value of the asset is increased at the year end than the reversal is required to be considered as a revaluation increase and accounted as per provision of IAS 36. Further after revising the written down value of asset, depreciation or amortisation is charged for future periods in accordance with the allocation revised carrying amount from which residual value is deducted on a reasonable base for the remaining life of the asset. A CGU is the least distinguishable group of assets which is capable for generation of cas inflows that are specifically dependent on assets or group of assets (Bond, Govendir and Wells, 2016.). AASB 136 states recoverable amount as higher of recongnised value of cash-generating and units fair value. It is not compulsory to determine both value in use and fair value less cost relating to selling. In case the either amount of both is higher than assets carrying amount that it is clear that the impairment of asset is not required. Further, it is necessary to ascertain fair value less cost of sale even in case the asset is not actively traded in the market. In a situation when no basis is available to evaluate the value of the asset on a reasonable basis from the sale of an asset by considering its arm length price in market then it is more appropriate to consider the recoverable value of the asset. As per the views of Amiraslani, Iatridis and Pope, (2013), in a situation when there is n o reason to have confidence in fact that assets value in use is substantially higher in comparison to fair value less cost relating to selling than the same might be used as the recoverable amount. It is usually considered in the case when assets are being disposed of because at that time asset will mainly consist net proceeds from disposal as future cash flows that will be derived from continuing use of asset until the amount is same as negligible value. Usually, impairment of assets is done on the individual basis in accordance with the provisions of IAS 36 (Bartov, Goldberg and Kim, 2013). However, in case the recoverable amount of assets cannot be ascertained for each individual asset than in such situation an organisation opts to value the carrying value of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. As it considered that computation of the recoverable amount of each individual asset is not appropriate and hence, ascertainment of the recoverable amount of the CGU to which that particular asset belong. Further, the following aspects are to be considered while impairment testing of CGU by every organisation: Consideration of cash flows in detail and reassessing the same; Evaluation of impairment indicators. Ascertainment of the discount rates; Benchmarking the assumptions with the market. Journal entry for recording impairment loss: In case of cost, model is applied Particular Amount Accumulated depreciation impairment losses Dr. XXX Income - impairment loss reversal Cr. XXX In case revaluation model is applied Asset Dr. XXX Deferred tax liability Cr. XXX Asset revaluation surplus Cr. XXX Calculation of Impairment Loss: Carried Value of Balance Sheet 677000 Value in Use of assets 608000 Impairment loss 69000 Allocable Impairment loss to assets: Total impairment loss - Amount of Goodwill Impairment loss allocable to patent = 69000-23000- (455000-438283) = 29283 Allocation of impairment loss to assets in proportionate to their book value: Asset Value in Use Calculation Allocable Impairment loss Amount to be carried in Balance Sheet Equipment 105000 29283*105000/199000 15451 89549 Fitting 66000 29283*66000/199000 9712 56288 Inventory 28000 29283*28000/199000 4120 18880 Patent 455000 16717 438283 Journal Entry in the books of Gali Ltd: 30.06.2015 Impairment loss Dr. 69000 Goodwill Cr. 23000 Patent Cr. 16717 Accumulated amortisation and Impairment Losses (Equipment) Cr. 15451 Accumulated amortisation and Impairment Losses (Fittings) Cr. 9712 Accumulated amortisation and Impairment Losses (Inventory) Cr. 4120 [Being impairment loss attributed to assets on pro-rata basis except patent and goodwill.] Impairment Account Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount 30.06.2015 Accumulated Impairment Loss A/c 69000 30.06.2015 Profit and Loss Account A/c 69000 Provision of IAS 36 will be applicable in the present case for the allocation of impairment loss to the available assets. In accordance with the study of Abuaddous, Hanefah and Laili (2014), the provisions impairment loss is initially adjusted with the amount available in Goodwill account and further to the extent to which loss has been provided to a specific asset. Finally, the remaining amount of impairment loss is being proportionate to the book value of remaining assets. Another thing that is to be considered is that no impairment loss is adjusted in cash account. As in present scenario; firstly the impairment loss will be set off with the amount of goodwill i.e. 23000 then the remaining amount will be allocated proportionately to remaining assets except cash. Further, as the fair value of a patent is available in the question, hence the impairment loss of patent will be the difference between book value and fair value. References Books and Journal Abuaddous, M., Hanefah, M.M. and Laili, N.H., 2014. Accounting standards, goodwill impairment and earnings management in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 6(12). P.201. Amiraslani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F., 2013. Accounting for asset impairment: a test for IFRS compliance across Europe. Centre for Financial Analysis and Reporting Research (CeFARR). Bartov, E., Goldberg, S.R. and Kim, M., 2013. Comparative value relevance among German, US, and international accounting standards: A German stock market perspective. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance. 20(2),Pp.95-119. Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairment decisions by Australian firms and whether this was impacted by AASB 136. Detzen and et.al. 2016. Impairment of Goodwill and Deferred Taxes Under IFRS. Australian Accounting Review, 26(3),Pp.301-311. Edwards, J.R., 2013. A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting) (Vol. 29). Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Johansson, S.E., Hjelstrm, T. and Hellman, N., 2016. Accounting for goodwill under IFRS: A critical analysis. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 27, Pp.13-25.

Unitech Corporation of management

Question: 1-What is the Existing organization Structure? 2-What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of the Existing Organization Structure? 3-Design the Organization Chart for Existing Organization Structure? 4-Which New Organization Structure is Proposed? 5-What are the Strength and Weakness of the New Organization Structure? 6-What are the points in this case for: Project Manager Skill on leader ship, Management Decision making, system and planning skill, Financial Awareness, Communication and Negotiating and contractual skills? 7-What are the PM process and level of activities identified? 8-What are the Various Component of Project? 9-Discuss all the PM process and Deliverable Defined? 10-Discuss your point of view on PM Initiation, Before and After Key Points? 11-What are the Steps for Project Integration Management? 12-What are the Project Contracting and Which Type Used? Answer : Answer 1: Unitech being a test equipment and software developer for the electronic industry was primarily confronted with several organizational issues. As per the case study, it is noted that there existed a line organizational framework in the firm (Phillips 2013). Further, with a segregation among the two major departments, namely electronic and computer engineering there was a consequent differentiation between the focused line managers. Moreover, both the department heads reported to and followed orders of the vice president who belonged to an engineering background. The prevailing organizational structure provided Unitech with several advantages and challenges as well. Answer 2: According to Kerzner (2013), it is noted that the line organizational structure had a multidimensional approach towards Unitech. Despite of being a simple and a measure of direct decision making, the framework tend to simplify relationships and increase responsibility. On the other hand, the structure acts as negativity in case of business growths. Also, there is an increase in internal competition, pressure levels and many others. As per the case study, in addition to a downfall in competency levels, there was a lack in revenue generation, focus and teamwork. Answer 3: The organizational chart based on the existing type of business framework is as follow Figure: Existing Organizational Structure of Unitech (Source: As created by author) It is noted that only the line managers have a direct control over the project team, members and the staff of the firm. Also, the project departments are focused on achieving individual company benefitting targets that further lead a competition between the two major divided departments (Moustafaev 2015). Moreover, there exists a chain of command in the organization as well. Answer 4: In order to develop business conditions the president of Unitech being a strong believer of project organizational structure reconstructed the framework of the firm. It is noted that the new structure along with developing efficiency of the firm focused on a proper decision making. Additionally, a project manager was also hired to guide contracting, creation of new pricing strategies and also developing of PM processes. Lastly, the contractors suggested management contractors to secure future growth opportunities as well. Answer 5: The newly developed project organizational structure provided Unitech with several strengths as well as weaknesses. Concerning strengths, the authority of project managers, communication developments, speedy decision making, and efficiency increments proved to be the most profitable (Bartsch, Ebers and Maurer 2013). On the contrary, factors like team setting up costs, individual loyalty developments of project team members, hardships in maintaining intellectual capital and a future concern tends to be a weakness for the enterprise. As opined by Bartsch, Ebers and Maurer (2013), it is noted that the newly proposed organizational structure also encouraged the firm to effectively grab market opportunities as well. Answer 6: The several key points needed by the Project manager in the following areas are: Leadership: Unitech`s president looked onto the appointed project manager (PM) to develop leadership. In addition to representing initiative and obtaining expected results, the PM signifies interpersonal abilities, develops efficiency and proper meeting conducts (Cummings and Worley 2014). Decision Making: The project managers also plays a huge role in the management`s decision making process. Several factors like alternative evaluation, problem solving skills, enthusiasm, motivation, cooperation, data management and skill development are focused on. System and Planning Skill: Characteristics like project administration, computer literacy, optimum resource use, information monitoring and a proper implementation of developed plan are focused on by the PM to ensure high performance levels. Financial Awareness: In addition to risk management, financial knowledge and procurement strategies, the project manager of Unitech actively involves in developing profit-loss statements, cost control polices and cash flow familiarities. Communication: It is noted that the PM focuses on informal channels, and technical innovations to build by clarity in the communication channels of Unitech. Negotiating and Contractual Skills: Apart from the various activities, the project managers also have knowledge about contract laws and statutory regulations which not only ensure a proper abidance of legal formalities but also secure fruitfulness of the project (Cummings and Worley 2014). Answer 7: In addition to developing new contracts, key points of pricing strategies were also identified. According to Burke (2013), cost discipline, management contractor suggestions and many other positive changes grabbed the project managers view. It is noted that areas of communication, HR and conflict management aspects also formed part of the recognized activities. Answer 8: The various components of a project of Unitech are the following: Client Interest: Concerns the interests and views of the customers Project Stake: Involves the total investment of a corporate project Resources: The total financial, human aspects, technology and resources involved in a project Creativity: Concerns the range of innovation needed for a projects success Uncertainty: The total degree of risk involved in a project Answer 9: The project processes and deliverables of Unitech include the following: Initiating: This particular step includes all the information, policies, standards, operating guidelines and every other necessity which is required to initiate a project. Also, the primary scope statement is prepared in the initial stage (Gido and Clements 2014). Planning: The scheduling includes development of the project plan which also acts as the backbone of the whole initiative. Executing: This step includes the deliverables, performance data, change requests and implementation of the alterations which contribute in detecting pitfalls. Monitoring and Controlling: The 4th process relates to the approved deliverables. In addition to updates on performance reports, plans and forecast statements, the step includes approving changes and rejecting the change appeals. Further, the process also includes recommendation actions, repair detections, approving repairs as well. Closing: The last and final step includes the final product or service of the project. Figure: Project Management Process (Source: Burke 2013) Answer 10: The differences between PM initiation before and after key points are the following: Before Key Points After Key Points 1. No clear project idea 1. Clear statement of project development 2. No clear forecasting of results 2. Clear forecasting and expectancy of success 3. No clear authority and responsibility delegation. Also, no clear statement of stakeholders and leadership ideas 3. Identification of stakeholders and direction of leadership 4. No budget statement of the project 4. Clear and transparent budget development Table: Differences between PM Initiation Before and After Key Points (Source: Gido and Clements 2014) Answer 11: The four main steps in project integration management are the following: Project interaction judgment Incorporate external inputs Judging, assessing, influencing and cooperating external resource in the project Screening and selecting the profitable PM tools Figure: Project Management Processes (Source: As created by author) Answer 12: It is noted that there mainly exist three types of contracting types, which are: Price Based Quantity and Rate Based Reimbursable (Cost Based) As per the case study, the existing contracting methods take a longing scheduling time and ultimately lead to a delay in the project. As stated by Weglarz (2012), it is only with a change in the framework of the organization which will lend a hand towards stabilizing contracting measures and also help to accomplish projects on time. The quality process will also contribute towards developing contracting conditions. References Bartsch, V., Ebers, M. and Maurer, I., 2013. Learning in project-based organizations: The role of project teams' social capital for overcoming barriers to learning.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.239-251. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Gido, J. and Clements, J.P., 2014.Successful project management. Nelson Education. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Moustafaev, J., 2015. Project scope management. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Weglarz, J. ed., 2012.Project scheduling: recent models, algorithms and applications(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media.

The Berbers And Islam Essays - Maghreb, , Term Papers

The Berbers and Islam Today in America many new followers of Islam experience confusion when choosing which area to examine first. Many devout Muslims believe that the true basis for understanding Islam begins and ends with the study of Mohammed's life and his creation and writing of the Q'uran under Allah's direction and spirit. However, the understanding and study of any religion (that will become your way of life) must include the close examination of peoples, history and the influence or spread into other countries. One paramount area of Islam that must be examined is the influence of Islam in other countries. We must consider: With the mass spread of Islam in parts of Africa, exactly how did that occur? Or who was responsible for the transformation of government, politics, and this religion in such an important continent of Africa? Abdullah ibn Yacin was a Muslim leader and scholar. He was also the leader of the Almoravids. His influence on Islam was great indeed, in that he converted believers beyond just practice, he transformed them into the militant force, which came to be known as the Almoravids. Through Abdullah ibn Yacin's rule and his successor Abu Bakr's drive the Almoravids influenced Islam greatly. The modern history of the Almoravids and the history traced by the Berbers themselves begin with their conversion to Islam by the Arabs, who began to move into North Africa in 640 CE. Over the years Arab invasions forced many Berbers out of the coastal regions and into the mountains and desert. Others were absorbed into the Arab population (Hourani, 190) In 1054, a confederation of Muslim Berber groups formed a new and powerful dynasty in the west, in what is now southern Morocco and Western Sahara. They were known as the Almoravids. The whole of Morocco was under Almoravid rule by 1069. In 1086, they invaded Spain and had conquered much of its south by 1106. The Almoravids, who came from the desert fringes of Maghrib, brought an austere temper of strict adherence to Maliki law and suspicion of free rational speculation. The power of their successors, the Almohads, was also created by an impulse of revival of piety, with an emphasis on the unity of God and observance of the law; but it drew its sustenance from the religious thought of the eastern Muslim world, where its founder, Ibn Tumart, had studied and formed his mind, and those who carried it throughout the Maghrib and to Andalus came from the settled Berber peoples of the Atlas mountains (Giles, 50) The Almoravids essentially overcame the most powerful empire in Western Africa. By taking over commercial routes; gaining control of the economic power the Ghanaian king was forced to divide his capital city into two distinct districts, one for non-Muslims and a more powerful district one for Muslims. The district eventually declared holy war or jihad against Ghana and weakened the Ghana Empire until it collapsed. The effect the Almoravids had on Islam was great indeed. The purifying of the religion was sped up by the holy wars. The Almoravids created a fervor in Africa that transformed the spread of the religion. Now, native Africans who had converted from traditional religions were spreading the teachings of Islam. By examining the powerful group, the Almoravids we are able to understand why and when Islam was transformed from a religion based in the Middle East to an indigenous religion of Africa.

Catcher In The Rye Essay

Catcher In The Rye Essay Catcher In The Rye Essay Koby Hinnant Leiknes 1 January 13, 2013 Holden Caulfield: Smart or Stupid? Many people, after reading The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger, may think that Holden Caulfield is not a very bright person. They may be right in thinking that, but the author was trying to show throughout the book that he actually was very intelligent, just maybe not scholarly way. This novel gives investigates the ideas of many different themes to help show what life was like for Holden Caulfield over the period of a few days. Furthermore, Salinger creates many different kinds of symbolism throughout the story to signify the character of Holden Caulfield. All of these items in this story about Holden Caulfield hint at how he finally comes to grasp with his life, how much of hole he is in, and that he needs start applying himself to life. Within the start of the book, The Catcher in the Rye, Holden’s character consisted of him being horrible in school (except in English). He considers all of those around him in the school to be phonies , and â€Å"one of the biggest reasons [he] left Elkton Hills was because [he] was surrounded by phonies† (13). Likewise, Holden’s character was also very isolated throughout the course of most of the story. He never really had many true friends that he talked about where he loved them and had to be with them. Sure, he had a date for a little while, and there was Jane, but it never implied that he wouldn’t be able to live without them, so he led somewhat of a lonely life other than those few people mentioned. But when the story was coming to a close, that all changed when he found out how much his sister truly cared for him and loved him. When she said â€Å"I’m going with you† (206), although he may be mad at her, he is forever transformed from a lonely person to a man who will never be isolated again because his sister will always be there for him. In addition, for most of the story, Holden was always depressed because of other people’s m isfortune. After seeing his sister ride the carousel, this part of him is changed too. Although the story ends just a little after that part, it foreshadows that Holden will enjoy his life more than he used to in the future to come. Salinger brought many themes into this story and developed them over the course of a few days of Holden’s life. The storyline of The Catcher in the Rye is highly centered on lies and deceit. Holden is always talking about how people were the â€Å"phoniest bastard[s] [he] ever met in [his] life† (13). This signifies that everyone is not being themselves, they are putting on another act when they around people, so they are deceiving each other. This particular idea also fits within the theme of youth. Most of the adults in the storyline are portrayed as being very phony, whereas on the other hand, the children in the book are all depicted as caring and kindhearted. Take Allie, or Phoebe, for example. Both of them were kind to everybody and c aring, as it was showed when Holden asked to borrow some Christmas money and she said â€Å"You can take it all† (179). By saying that, it shows how compassionate she truly was by letting him take all of her money. The idea of innocence is shown many times throughout this book and the novel would be lacking without it. Holden shows his innocence when he has a prostitute come to his room, yet he changes his mind and only wants to talk with her. This shows that Holden catcher in the rye Essay catcher in the rye Essay English 4 27 January 2014 Holden Caulfield is a very insecure, jealous teenager. Throughout The Catcher and the Rye Holden consistently shows us through insults that he is indeed, insecure. J.D Salinger institutes Holden’s insecurity by having Holden judge everything and everyone in the story which growing up I have been told people judge others because they are insecure about themselves. Holden is always calling someone a moron, or an ass, to make himself feel better. There is no doubt that Holden acts the way he does for no reason other than besides the fact that he is an insecure kid. Holden is in a school in which he does not have many friends so he picks apart the kids with friends to make himself feel normal and make it seems as if it is the others who are in the wrong. During his interactions with his roommates and his day to day life, you realize that Holden is so insecure and lacks self confidence majorly. Holden comes off very negative as the book begins, as the first line of the story references his so called lousy childhood, which to me immediately stood out as a kid with no confidence and someone who will be insecure. That was the string of a large amount of lines in which Holden was negative and or insulted someone else. Holden got into a fight with Stradlater who he continuously insults, about his date with Holden’s crush Jean Gallagher. After a brief scuffle Holden says â€Å"All morons hate it when you call them morons† (pg 44, Salinger). Holden says this to feel good about himself again after being beat up a bit by Stradlater. Holden always had said how he cannot stand Stradlater and does not know how he gets girls, which is the direct result of Holden being insecure about his appearance, and having no confidence. He is incredibly insecure about his own body because calls Stradlater fake and takes so long to get himself ready to go out. If he really did not like Stradlater he would not be worried about what he was doing, but he pic ks him apart because than Holden can feel better about himself. Holden insults people that he does not even know either, like the entertainers at Ernie’s. When the entertainers were finished with a song, naturally everyone began to clap, but Holden says â€Å"people always clap for the wrong things† (pg 77, Salinger). Holden says that because he is jealous that he cannot perform like the one performing the music and he is insecure about his talents, or lack thereof. Holden has no reason to cut apart the performers in fact, he should be grateful of these performers giving everyone at Ernie’s something to listen to. However, Holden is so insecure and jealous that he feels the need to cut apart someone who is doing nothing wrong. Holden is known for going on rants. His rants vary from complaining about how phony the school is, to the people he despises, and judging people who he does and does not know. Holden is on a downward spiral which are shown by his rants and rambling (Costranovo, David). This is a true statement, due to the fact that after every rant, Holden seems to get more and more against the world. Holden goes on more rants during the story such as when he says â€Å"mothers are all slightly insane† (pg 55, Salinger). While he seems to mean this in a positive way, he is always brining out some derogatory statement. He simply could have said that mothers are always there for their children and it is impressive. Instead I believe he uses the word insane to make himself feel like he does enough for other people and that mothers go overboard. He is insecure about the amount of work he puts into his life. I believe he calls the work they do insane, because he puts no effort into schoolwork so by him using the word insane, he feels as if he is more normal. It seems extreme to have Holden go this extreme to insult a group, but Holden has proved he will do anything to make himself feel better. Holden’s goal throughout the en tire story is to feel better about himself however it does Catcher in the Rye Essay Catcher in the Rye Essay Themes and Motifs 1. 2. 3. Holden’s central goal is to resist the process of maturity. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can’t understand everything around him. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instances- for example, when he talks about sex and admits that â€Å"[s]ex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t† (Chapter 9). Instead of acknowledging that adulthood scares and mystifies him, Holden invents a fantasy that adulthood is a world of superficiality and hypocrisy (â€Å"phoniness†), while childhood is a world of innocence, curiosity, and honesty. Nothing reveals his image of these two worlds better than his fantasy about the catcher in the rye: he imagines childhood as an idyllic field of rye in which children romp and play; adulthood, for the children of this world, is equivalent to death- a fatal fall over the edge of a cliff. His created unders tandings of childhood and adulthood allow Holden to cut himself off from the world by covering himself with a protective armor of cynicism. But as the book progresses, Holden’s experiences, particularly his encounters with Mr. Antolini and Phoebe, reveal the shallowness of his conceptions. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. â€Å"Phoniness,† which is probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden’s favorite concepts. It is his catch-all for describing the superficiality, hypocrisy, pretension, and shallowness that he encounters in the world around him. In Chapter 22, just before he reveals his fantasy of the catcher in the rye, Holden explains that adults are inevitably phonies, and, what’s worse, they can’t see their own phoniness. Phoniness, for Holden, stands as an emblem of everything that’s wrong in the world around him and provides an excuse for him to withdraw into his cynical isolation. Though oversimplified, Holden’s observations are not entirely inaccurate. He can be a highly insightful narrator, and he is very aware of superficial behavior in those around him. Throughout the novel he encounters many characters who do seem affected, pretentious, or superficial- Sally Hayes, Carl Luce, Maurice and Sunny, and even Mr. S pencer stand out as examples. Some characters, like Maurice and Sunny, are genuinely harmful. But although Holden expends so much energy searching for phoniness in others, he never directly observes his own phoniness. His deceptions are generally pointless and cruel and he notes that he is a compulsive liar. For example, on the train to New York, he perpetrates a mean-spirited and needless prank on Mrs. Morrow. He’d like us to believe that he is a paragon of virtue in a world of phoniness, but that simply isn’t the case. Although he’d like to believe that the world is a simple place, and that virtue and innocence rest on one side of the fence while superficiality and phoniness rest on the other, Holden is his own counterevidence. The world is not as simple as he’d like- and needs- it to be; even he cannot adhere to the same black-and-white standards with which he judges other people. 12. Holden’s loneliness, a more concrete manifestation of his alienation problem, is a driving force throughout the book. Most of the novel describes his almost manic quest for companionship as he flits from one meaningless encounter to another. Yet, while his behavior indicates his loneliness, Holden consistently shies away from introspection and thus doesn’t really know why he keeps behaving as he does. Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. For example, his conversation with Carl Luce and his date with Sally Hayes are made unbearable by his rude behavior. His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality.